Artificial Intelligence: regulatory landscape

Some Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been around for decades, but advances in the availability of large amounts of data and new algorithms have boosted the use of AI models in recent years. Some AI systems create risks that need to be addressed, and there has been an exponential increase in regulation in this regard.


Artificial Intelligence: regulatory landscape

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Executive summary

The growing use of AI models in all sectors has led to an exponential increase in regulation in recent years. The European regulation on AI (AI Act) and the US Bill of Rights on AI stand out as reference regulations. In addition, other countries around the world, such as Canada, Brazil, Japan and China, are also increasingly regulating this matter.

Main Content

This Technical Note aims to provide an updated overview of the regulatory landscape and international standards that constitute the regulatory and best practice framework for AI. We will now highlight some of the key regulations:

  • At the global level, the Principles for AI published by the OECD. This document sets out principles for responsible and trustworthy AI governance. It also provides recommendations for integrating AI into national policies and encourages international cooperation among governments for safe AI.
  • At the European level, the AI Act, published in 2024. This regulation requires a classification of AI practices into the following levels: i) prohibited practices; ii) high-risk AI systems; and iii) low-risk AI systems. It also includes transparency requirements for systems that: i) interact with humans; ii) are used to detect emotions; or iii) generate or manipulate content.
  • In the USA, the AI Bill of Rights, which is still in draft form, sets out five AI principles to guide the design, use and deployment of automated systems to protect the rights of US citizens. The principles are as follows: i) safe and effective systems; ii) protection against discrimination by algorithms; iii) data privacy; iv) notice and explanation; v) evaluation by a human being and correction process in case of AI failure (fallback).
  • Many other regions are addressing AI regulation, with varying degrees of enforceability and progress in the legislative process (Canada has had an AI and Data Act (AIDA) since 2022; Brazil published a draft for AI regulation in 2023; and Japan has developed governance guidelines for the implementation of AI principles).

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